Zephelin benchmarking¶

This chapter demonstrates the overhead introduced by the Zephelin library, based on its different variants.

Zephelin Benchmark Results¶

max32690fthr_max32690_m4¶

Benchmark	Cycles	FLASH [B]	RAM [B]	Configs
bench.basic (basic)	7583	4784	18032
bench.basic.instr (basic)	21208811	21496	58724	instr_tracing.conf
bench.basic.tracing (basic)	7583	5048	20572	tracing.conf
bench.basic.zpl (basic)	237035	5080	21524	zpl.conf
bench.dhry (dhrystone)	2025	15176	20412
bench.dhry.instr (dhrystone)	4695722	31880	61364	instr_tracing.conf
bench.dhry.tracing (dhrystone)	2027	15440	22932	tracing.conf
bench.dhry.zpl (dhrystone)	2027	15456	23540	zpl.conf
bench.tflite (tflite)	76433	29720	79276	tflite.conf
bench.tflite.tracing (tflite)	76239	29984	82708	tflite.conf, tracing.conf
bench.tflite.zpl (tflite)	84995	30040	83932	tflite.conf, zpl.conf
bench.threads (threads)	5950517	16216	19672
bench.threads.tracing (threads)	42959391	17128	24200	tracing.conf

stm32f746g_disco_stm32f746xx¶

Benchmark	Cycles	FLASH [B]	RAM [B]	Configs
bench.basic (basic)	7951	4608	18552
bench.basic.instr (basic)	29506629	21312	65792	instr_tracing.conf
bench.basic.tracing (basic)	7951	4800	21112	tracing.conf
bench.basic.zpl (basic)	183986	4864	21864	zpl.conf
bench.dhry (dhrystone)	2125	14976	20936
bench.dhry.instr (dhrystone)	6529022	31744	68428	instr_tracing.conf
bench.dhry.tracing (dhrystone)	2125	15232	23476	tracing.conf
bench.dhry.zpl (dhrystone)	2125	15232	23880	zpl.conf
bench.tflite (tflite)	78292	29568	79804	tflite.conf
bench.tflite.tracing (tflite)	77977	29760	83268	tflite.conf, tracing.conf
bench.tflite.zpl (tflite)	84252	29824	84272	tflite.conf, zpl.conf
bench.threads (threads)	6576133	16832	20244
bench.threads.tracing (threads)	47879039	17536	24804	tracing.conf

Benchmarks¶

ZPL_BENCHMARK_RUN_BASIC¶

Basic Zephelin benchmark (a very inefficient dot product implementaton)

Based on an inefficient dot product implementation. Uses ZPL scopes for tracing.

ZPL_BENCHMARK_RUN_DHRYSTONE¶

Dhrystone Zephelin benchmark

Synthetic benchmark for integer operations. Doesn’t rely on any Zephyr features.

ZPL_BENCHMARK_RUN_TFLITE¶

TFLite-based Zephelin benchmark

Performs inference using a simple TFLite model. Uses ZPL scopes and model tracing.

ZPL_BENCHMARK_RUN_THREADS¶

Threads-based Zephelin benchmark

Features multiple threads performing a dummy operation on a single resource. Uses Zephyr’s mutexes and semaphores.

Configs¶

instr_tracing.conf¶

CONFIG_TRACING=y
CONFIG_INSTRUMENTATION=y
CONFIG_TRACING_CTF=y
CONFIG_TRACING_SYNC=y
CONFIG_TRACING_MUTEX=y
CONFIG_INSTRUMENTATION_BACKEND_TRACING_CORE=y
CONFIG_THREAD_NAME=y
CONFIG_THREAD_MAX_NAME_LEN=20
CONFIG_INSTRUMENTATION_DYNAMIC_TRIGGER=n
CONFIG_MAIN_STACK_SIZE=8196
CONFIG_INSTRUMENTATION_TRIGGER_FUNCTION="benchmark_run"
CONFIG_INSTRUMENTATION_STOPPER_FUNCTION="benchmark_run"

prj.conf¶

CONFIG_TIMING_FUNCTIONS=y

tflite.conf¶

CONFIG_MAIN_STACK_SIZE=3072

CONFIG_TEST_RANDOM_GENERATOR=y
CONFIG_TENSORFLOW_LITE_MICRO=y
CONFIG_CPP=y
CONFIG_STD_CPP17=y
CONFIG_REQUIRES_FLOAT_PRINTF=y

tracing.conf¶

CONFIG_TRACING=y
CONFIG_TRACING_CTF=y
CONFIG_TRACING_SYNC=y
CONFIG_TRACING_MUTEX=y
CONFIG_TRACING_SEMAPHORE=y
CONFIG_TRACING_THREAD=y
CONFIG_TRACING_STACK=y

zpl.conf¶

CONFIG_TRACING=y
CONFIG_TRACING_CTF=y
CONFIG_TRACING_SYNC=y

CONFIG_ZPL=y
CONFIG_ZPL_TRACE=y
CONFIG_ZPL_TRACE_FULL_MODE=y
CONFIG_ZPL_TRACE_FORMAT_CTF=y
CONFIG_ZPL_SCOPE_MARKING=y

Commits¶

Project	Commit
zephelin	30cc3a3f3775d6381eab79df868c483942c3dad8
zephyr	3568e1b6d5cdd51a6b964a2a1d6d29200fea2056

Last update: 2026-10-23